People who love Astrophysics are always fantasized by the word "DARK MATTER". During a class on Astrophysics earlier this week, Dr. Asoke K. Sen of Assam University, Department Of Physics was trying to derive the mass of our Galaxy. Where he showed how theoretical and practical values collide with each other. The various Doppler shift observations of different galaxies show a missing mass problem. As if there is an unknown mass in the dark halo of the Galaxies. This mass was unable to interact with electro-magnetic force. He also told that dark matter may be composed of non-baryonic particles. Now the question is what are these non-baryonic particles which do not interact with electromagnetic forces but creating enough gravitational forces to shift the galaxies away from each other?
We who are related with physics, know about the mechanism of Beta Decay. In this a neutron decays to emit a proton and an electron. But in this decay there was an observed difference between energy,momentum and angular momentum of the initial and final particles.In order to balance the equation of beta decay in all respects. Then Enrico Fermi introduced a hypothetical particle called "neutrino" in the year 1933 which must emit along with a proton and an electron in Beta Decay. Then in the year 1970 the first neutrinos were practically detected in a Hydrogen Bubble chamber experiment proving the existence of neutrinos. Physicists obtained various characteristics of neutrino. A neutrino is electrically neutral, weakly interacting sub-atomic particle with half spin, chirality and a disputed but small non-zero mass. It is able to pass through ordinary matter uneffected. Neutrinos do not interact with electromagnetic forces. They are only affected by weak sub-atomic force of very short range and gravity. Our Sun emit 65 billion neutrinos every second in every square centimeter in each direction. Similarly all stars in our galaxies emit such huge amount of neutrinos each second. We have known almost all the properties of neutrinos. We know some properties of Dark Matter which seems to match with those of neutrinos.
So are these Neutrinos the Dark Matter particles? Or they are something else that we still do not know.
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